- Headline (요약 제안): 에이다 핵심 인프라 개발 자금 지원에 대한 제안 Body (상세 요약): 2026년부터 2028년까지 에이다 생태계의 9개 핵심 인프라 영역에 걸친 17개 작업 패키지 이행을 위해 ₳39.7M (약 9.9M USD)의 국고 인출을 요청함 .

- 주요 목표는 현재 약 12분인 최종 확정 시간을 약 2분으로 단축하는 Peras의 메인넷 배포이며, 이와 함께 복원력, 확장성, 개발자 도구 및 네트워크 관측성 개선을 추진함 .

- 작업 패키지에는 Peras v1 및 v2 개발, SPO 저장 비용 절감을 위한 History Expiry, 포크 발생 시 트랜잭션을 보존하는 Hard Fork Mempool Bridger 등이 포함됨 .

- 또한 Peras 및 Leios를 위한 적합성 테스트, Genesis 속성 기반 테스트 개선, 표준화된 상태 스냅샷을 위한 Mithril 관련 작업, Plutus 스크립트 디버깅 도구 개발을 수행함 .

- Haskell 및 에이다를 위한 변이 테스트 프레임워크, Hoarding Node의 실전 배포 및 검증, 블록 비용 조사, Genesis 동기화 가속기 및 노드 에뮬레이터 유지보수도 포함됨 .

- Intersect가 제안 및 계약 관리자 역할을 수행하며, 모든 결과물은 오픈 소스로 공개되고 공개적으로 추적됨 .

- ■ 주석 *Peras: 에이다의 최종 확정 시간을 단축하는 프로토콜 **SPO: 스테이크 풀 운영자 ***Mempool: 트랜잭션이 블록에 포함되기 전 대기하는 메모리 공간 ****Mithril: 지분 기반 임계값 서명 프로토콜 *****Plutus: 에이다의 스마트 컨트랙트 플랫폼 ******Haskell: 에이다 개발에 사용되는 함수형 프로그래밍 언어 *******Mainnet: 블록체인 프로젝트의 실제 운영 네트워크

- 에이다 프로토콜 고도화에 대한 제안 에이다의 성장은 빠른 완결성을 제공하는 Peras와 높은 처리량을 지원하는 Leios 업그레이드에 달려 있음 .

- Peras v1의 메인넷 배포와 하드포크 준비를 포함한 실제 운영 도구의 완성이 필요함 .

- 프로토콜 변경의 위험을 줄이기 위해 적합성 테스트와 감사 인프라를 통한 안정성 확보가 필수적임 .

- Leios 도입 시 SPO의 디스크 사용량이 100–1000 TPS에서 시간당 약 1 GB로 급증하므로 History Expiry가 필요함 .

- 네트워크의 비정상적 동작을 감지하기 위해 Hoarding Node를 통한 관찰 가능성을 강화해야 함 .

- Plutus 디버깅을 개선하는 PSR 확장을 통해 개발자 도구의 효율성을 높여야 함 .

- 하드포크 시 발생하는 고아 트랜잭션 문제를 해결하기 위해 Mempool Bridger를 도입해야 함 .

- Genesis Sync Accelerator 등의 지속적인 유지보수로 생태계의 연속성을 유지해야 함 .

- Tweag는 2018년부터 에이다 핵심 인프라를 개발해 왔으며 이번 제안은 그 성과를 메인넷에 적용하기 위함임 .

- ■ 주석 *Peras: 에이다의 완결성 속도를 높이는 프로토콜 업그레이드 **Leios: 에이다의 트랜잭션 처리량을 높이는 프로토콜 업그레이드 ***SPO: 스테이크 풀 운영자 (Stake Pool Operator) ****TPS: 초당 트랜잭션 처리 수 (Transactions Per Second) *****Plutus: 에이다의 스마트 컨트랙트 프로그래밍 언어 ******Mempool: 아직 블록에 포함되지 않은 트랜잭션이 대기하는 공간 *******History Expiry: 노드의 저장 공간 부담을 줄이기 위해 오래된 데이터를 삭제하는 기능

- Peras 인프라 구축에 대한 제안 17개 작업 패키지를 단일 파이프라인으로 구성하여 Peras v1/v2 및 이력 만료 등을 검증했음 .

- 2026년부터 2028년까지 2년의 기간은 HFC 주기 정렬 및 보안 감사 수행을 위해 필수적임 .

- 총 예산은 ₳39.79M이며 시니어 에이다 인프라 엔지니어 인건비와 Peras 암호학 연구 비용을 포함했음 .

- Tweag은 코드 및 벤치마크 등 즉시 활성화 가능한 결과물을 제공할 책임이 있음 .

- Intersect가 계약 및 감사 관리자로 참여하며 마일스톤 기반 고정 가격 계약을 체결했음 .

- CDH와 법적 계약을 체결하고 모든 마일스톤과 지급액은 투명하게 공개했음 .

- Sundae Labs가 개발한 스마트 컨트랙트 프레임워크를 통해 재무부 자금을 관리했음 .

- TRSC와 PSSC 구조를 활용하며 외부 감시 위원회가 다중 서명 방식으로 통제했음 .

- 자금은 스테이킹되지 않으며 자동 기권 DRep에 위임되어 운영했음 .

- L1 프로토콜 인프라 강화 및 네트워크의 장기적 지속 가능성을 목표로 했음 .

- 2개월마다 공개 데모를 진행하고 Discord 및 Slack을 통해 커뮤니티와 소통했음 .

- 이전 재무부 수령액은 ₳11.07M이며 미집행 자금은 재무부로 반환했음 .

- 350M 에이다 순변경 제한 규정을 준수하며 독립적인 감사를 포함했음 .

- ■ 주석 *Peras: 에이다 프로토콜의 합의 메커니즘 개선안 **HFC: Hard Fork Combinator, 에이다의 하드포크 기술 ***CIP: Cardano Improvement Proposal, 에이다 개선 제안서 ****TRSC: Treasury Reserve Smart Contract, 재무부 예비비 스마트 컨트랙트 *****PSSC: Project-Specific Smart Contract, 프로젝트 전용 스마트 컨트랙트 ******DRep: Delegate Representative, 에이다 거버넌스 위임 대표 *******L1: Layer 1, 블록체인의 기본 네트워크 층 ********IPFS: 분산형 파일 저장 시스템 *********UTxO: 미사용 트랜잭션 출력값 **********SPO: Stake Pool Operator, 스테이크 풀 운영자

This treasury withdrawal requests **₳39,787,316** (USD $9,946,829) to fund Tweag by Modus Create's delivery of 17 work packages across 9 core infrastructure areas for the Cardano ecosystem over 2026–2028.

The primary focus is the **mainnet deployment of Peras** (faster finality: ~2 min vs. ~12 min today), alongside improvements to resilience, scalability, developer tooling, and network observability. Work packages include:

- **Peras v1** – production cryptography, KillSwitch, mainnet readiness
- **Peras v2** – pre-agreement algorithm, cooldown recovery, performance optimizations
- **History Expiry** – partial-history nodes to reduce SPO storage costs
- **Hard Fork Mempool Bridger** – transaction preservation during fork incidents
- **Conformance Testing** – CTC framework extended for Peras and Leios
- **Adversarial Fork Testing** – Genesis property-based test improvements
- **Canonical Ledger State & Mithril** – standardized state snapshots (CIP-0165)
- **Plutus Script Re-Executor** – debugging tooling for DApp developers
- **Mutation Testing** – test suite adequacy framework for Haskell/Cardano
- **Hoarding Node** – live deployment, distributed mode, embedded consensus validation, transaction collection
- **Block Cost Investigation** – empirical and analytical cost models
- **Genesis Sync Accelerator & Node Emulator** – ongoing maintenance

Intersect is requested to serve as proposal and contract administrator. All deliverables are open-source and publicly tracked.

## Problem Statement

Cardano's next growth phase depends on two critical protocol upgrades: **Peras** (faster finality) and **Leios** (higher throughput). Together they unlock significantly higher transaction volume, staking rewards, and TVL. However, these upgrades do not deliver value on their own — they require:

1. **Production-grade mainnet delivery** — Peras v1 remains undeployed on mainnet. Real cryptography, operational tooling, and Hard Fork readiness must be completed.
2. **Resilience and correctness scaffolding** — Protocol changes of this complexity require conformance testing, mutation testing, adversarial fork simulation, and audit infrastructure to de-risk deployment.
3. **Sustainable node economics** — Increased throughput from Leios will cause SPO disk usage to surge (~1 GB/hour at 100–1000 TPS). Without History Expiry, full-history requirements will become economically prohibitive, threatening decentralization.
4. **Network observability** — Orphaned blocks, invalid slot leader claims, mempool anomalies, and adversarial behavior are currently difficult to detect and attribute. The Hoarding Node fills this gap.
5. **Developer tooling** — Plutus script debugging remains difficult. The PSR extension reduces friction for DApp developers and improves smart contract reliability.
6. **Incident response** — Hard fork incidents result in orphaned transactions. The Mempool Bridger directly mitigates this risk.
7. **Ecosystem continuity** — The Genesis Sync Accelerator and Cardano Node Emulator require ongoing maintenance to remain compatible with evolving protocol versions.

Tweag has been engaged on Cardano's core infrastructure since January 2018, leading the consensus and ledger teams, implementing Ouroboros Genesis, and contributing to Peras design. This proposal represents the natural continuation of that work, focused on ensuring prior investments reach mainnet and are adopted by the community.

## Why This Proposal Addresses the Problem

### Delivery Strategy

This proposal is structured as a **single delivery pipeline**, not a modular menu. The 17 work packages are interdependent: Hoarding Node deployments and conformance/mutation/audit testing provide the instrumentation and correctness scaffolding required to validate Peras v1/v2, History Expiry, and block-cost safety changes. Treating them as separable would increase delivery risk.

### Two-Year Timeline Justification

The 2-year duration (2026–2028) is necessary to:

- Align Peras v2 completion with a Hard Fork Combinator (HFC) window, avoiding a full-year delay waiting for the next HFC cycle.
- Allow Peras v2 to begin in parallel with Peras v1 finalization, using a staggered delivery approach.
- Accommodate mandatory security audits, conformance testing, and integration across 17 packages.

### Budget Justification

The total ask of **₳39,787,316** is based on an average market rate of $176/hour for senior Cardano infrastructure engineers, a conservative ADA/USD conversion rate of 0.25 (based on a 5-year average), and 2 years of effort across the full portfolio. CBU/ARK research subcontracts for Peras cryptography are included as fixed-price line items.

### Governance Separation

Where success depends on governance (Hard Fork activation, CIP progression), Tweag commits to **'ready-for-activation' deliverables** — merged code, reproducible releases, runbooks, benchmarks, and governance-action packages. Ecosystem activation is reported separately with clear owners and risks.

### Intersect as Administrator

Tweag requests Intersect serve as contract and audit administrator per the Cardano Constitution, using Milestone-Based Fixed Price contracts where scope is well-defined.

### Treasury Governance & Compliance

#### **Contract Management**

A written off-chain Legal Contract will be created between Tweag and the Cardano Development Holdings (CDH), as mandated by the Constitution, and will be administered by Intersect. This will include details of the project delivery schedule and dispute resolution.

##### Project Delivery

All milestones, acceptance criteria, payment amounts and expected delivery dates will be agreed between the Tweag and Intersect, acting on behalf of the CDH. Tweag will deliver according to the agreed-upon project schedule within the Legal Contract, of which the necessary information will be made public via the budget management platform via transaction metadata.

Defined by the milestones within a Legal Contract, Tweag will submit and attest milestone acceptance to the community, Intersect or 3rd Party Assurer.

Project progress will be monitored via Intersect's delivery assurance function which will be communicated to the community.

Acceptance of the work will be supported by a 3rd Party Assurer, who will be responsible for reviewing and signing off the work completed at each project milestone against the corresponding milestone deliverables detailed within the Legal Contract. This work is funded from a portion of this treasury withdrawal.

#### **Auditable Accounts & Fund Delegation**

##### Budget Management Tooling

To administrate treasury funds on-chain, Intersect will utilize the treasury management smart contract framework developed by Sundae Labs. The smart contracts have been extensively tested including audits from TxPipe and MLabs.

Final mainnet validation test can be seen via the Disburse action within transaction: 0f591dc544ae14102dbb4a74d5311a6acffc1772b163d8b7a9656b9525950b17

This withdrawal will utilise Intersect’s 2025 treasury reserve contract with address being: stake17xzc8pt7fgf0lc0x7eq6z7z6puhsxmzktna7dluahrj6g6ghh5qjr
Funds will later be migrated to a 2026 treasury reserve contract once established.

##### Budget Management Specifics

Intersect will utilize a single Treasury Reserve Smart Contract (TRSC), with many Project-Specific Smart Contracts (PSSC), managed by Intersect. Intersect's management consists of three 'admin' and two Intersect 'leadership' roles. An Oversight Committee consisting of five external, independent third-party entities will provide checks and balances on Intersect, and safeguard against errors and unilateral control. The administration of both TRSC and PSSCs will be managed by Intersect, with external oversight on certain actions from the Oversight Committee.

The 2025 TRSC Oversight Committee consists of Sundae Labs, Cardano Foundation, Dquadrant, Xerberus and NMKR. Their role is to independently verify key administrative actions using on-chain logic, ensuring accuracy and consistency without exercising discretion over governance decisions.

For all details on Intersect's configuration please see the Smart Contract Guide on the knowledgebase.

The high level permissions are as follows:

- TRSC Fund and PSSC Modify
- Two of the three Intersect admins, two of the five trusted entities and one of the two Intersect leadership sign-off must authorize
- TRSC Disperse
- Two of three Intersect admins, three of five trusted entities and two of two Intersect leadership sign-off must authorize
- TRSC Pause and Resume
- Two of three Intersect admins, and one of two Intersect leadership sign-off must authorize
- TRSC Sweep
- One of three Intersect admins, and one of two Intersect leadership sign-off must authorize
- TRSC Reorganize
- Two of three Intersect admins and three of five trusted entities must authorize

##### Processes

Upon enactment of this governance action, funding for this project will be directed into the TRSC's stake account. All instances of TRSC and PSSC can not be staked with a SPO and will be delegated to the auto-abstain predefined DRep. From here funds will be withdrawn into a UTxO remaining at the TRSC.

When a 2026 TRSC is established, the funding for this project will be migrated via the ‘disburse’ action.

When the Legal contract is prepared and Tweag is ready, funding for this project will be transferred using the Fund action to a PSSC. All milestones will be outlined within the metadata.

A dashboard will be available for the community to audit the TRSC or PSSC and track metrics related to this withdrawn ada as well as being immutably verifiable on chain.

### Strategic Alignment

- **Pillar 1: Infrastructure and Research Excellence** — all 17 packages directly advance L1 protocol infrastructure.
- **Pillar 5: Ecosystem Sustainability and Resilience** — History Expiry, Hoarding Node, and maintenance work directly protect long-term network health.

### Community Engagement Commitments

- Public demos at minimum every 2 months, recorded and published at https://tweag.github.io/cardano-website/
- Regular status updates on the Tweag project website
- Dedicated Discord channel for community engagement
- Program-level Slack channel for cross-team coordination with IOG and other ecosystem contributors

## Prior Treasury Receipts

TWEAG has been accountable for delivering work funded by the Cardano Treasury. The total funds allocated are **₳11,070,322.68** within the Treasury Smart Contract. ID: `680d1b63565577986442d24e`.

## Refund Conditions

All funds not disbursed by the end of the delivery period will be returned to the Cardano Treasury. A final reconciliation will be published as part of the oversight reporting cycle. In the event of partial delivery or scope reduction, unspent funds associated with canceled or reduced deliverables will be returned proportionally.

## Net Change Limit Compliance

The requested amount does not at time of submission, on its own or in aggregate, breach the applicable 350M Net Change Limit covering Epoch 613 to Epoch 713.
In accordance with the guardrail TREASURY-02a, this withdrawal does not exceed the NCL at the moment of submission.

## Audit & Oversight

Audit and oversight costs are included within the overhead applied to this proposal. The Intersect administration fee covers administrative oversight and is reflected within the cost of this proposal. Independent oversight will be provided through Intersect and technically capable third-party, including reporting obligations and milestone-based disbursement controls.

## Standardized Format & Immutable Hosting

Upon finalization, this proposal will be hosted on IPFS in an immutable format. The blake2b-256 hash of the document will be provided for on-chain reference and verification.